protection of electrical equipment (part 1)

                                 protection of electrical equipment

                                                                 Hi ,i am ishaq. i am going to explain about of protection of electrical .before going to the topic we must need to know why protection is needed.

why protection is needed?

Every power system equipment is subjected to fault or unbalanced condition.this faults are caused by 

• insulation failure
• over voltages due to lighting
• falling of foreign objects like trees in transmission lines
• opening of one or more phases causes unbalance or heating of machines
• switching operation of  circuit breaker
• poor maintenance
• shunt faults or short circuit faults

Effects of  faults

• heavy short current(ct) may causes damage to equipment by overheating and high mechanical forces because F=BILsinθ
• arc in short circuits cause fire hazards or permanently damage the equipment
• causes imbalance in power supply
• instability in interconnected system
• interruption in power supply to the consumer
• The electrical equipment used there are so costly & most importantly it may affect human life which is more important

. For such reason the power system components should be protected.The power system components that are need to be protected are

• Generators
  

• Transformers
  
  
  
  
  
• Busbars
  

• transmission lines
  
• distribution networks feeding to loads

In next part we are going to see about classification of  faults in various equipment.